ARA-290 (Cibinetide)
Our depth — beyond the mirror
Deeper analysis, verdict reasoning, and per-archetype recommendations from our research team.
▸ Our verdict WATCH-LIST MEDIUM
Real mechanism + concrete Dylan-relevance (cubital tunnel = peripheral small-fiber neuropathy; ARA-290's published human data is in sarcoidosis-associated small-fiber neuropathy, mechanistically the most adjacent indication). Animal data for sciatic nerve crush + axotomy is robust. **The case for adding ARA-290 to Dylan's BPC-157 + TB-500 cubital-tunnel protocol is mechanistically credible but evidentially thin** — only one published RCT (Heij et al. 2012, n=22, modest pain reduction in sarcoidosis-SFN), small follow-up cohorts, no peripheral-nerve-compression human trial. The verdict is WATCH-LIST not OPTIONAL-ADD because (a) the BPC-157 + TB-500 stack already covers the same nerve-regeneration territory with better-replicated rodent data + larger biohacker community evidence base, (b) ARA-290 sourcing through peptide vendors is more variable than BPC-157/TB-500 (smaller market = higher per-vial cost + lower COA standardization), (c) the marginal benefit of adding a third peptide to the cubital-tunnel cycle is unclear, and (d) the EPO-derived class membership creates a non-zero residual concern about off-target erythropoietic signaling at high doses or with long use, despite the molecular case for IRR-only activity. Confidence MEDIUM not LOW because the small-fiber-neuropathy targeting is genuinely mechanism-aligned for cubital tunnel (which has both demyelinating and small-fiber components when chronic), and the EPO-without-erythropoiesis safety thesis has held in 15+ years of trial work without a thrombotic / hematocrit / blood-pressure signal. Would upgrade to OPTIONAL-ADD if (a) Dylan's first 8-week BPC-157 + TB-500 cycle produces only partial cubital-tunnel response and a second cycle adding ARA-290 is reasonable, (b) a peripheral-neuropathy or post-surgical-nerve RCT replicates the sarcoidosis-SFN signal, or (c) Araim Pharma advances cibinetide to a confirmatory Phase 3 with positive readout. Would downgrade to SKIP-FOR-NOW if any erythropoietic signal emerges in long-term cohorts or a thrombotic event surfaces in self-experimenter community reports.
▸ Decision matrix by user profile Per-archetype
| Archetype | Verdict | Rationale |
|---|---|---|
Dylan20-30, brain-priority, with peripheral nerve compression (Dylan's actual situation) | WATCH-LIST | Mechanism is genuinely small-fiber-neuropathy-aligned; cubital tunnel has a small-fiber pain component. But BPC-157 + TB-500 already cover this territory with deeper evidence base, larger community use, lower cost, and better sourcing reliability. Add ARA-290 only if cycle 1 of BPC-157 + TB-500 produces partial-only response, or if Araim publishes a peripheral-nerve compression Phase 3 readout. Do not run as first-line addition to V5. |
Dylan20-30, brain-priority, no specific tissue injury (general use) | SKIP-FOR-NOW | ARA-290 requires an injured-tissue target. Without one, the IRR is not upregulated and there's nothing for the peptide to bind. Cost and complexity not justified. |
30-50, executive maintenance | SKIP-FOR-NOW | unless a specific small-fiber-neuropathy or chronic peripheral nerve injury is present. |
50+, mild cognitive decline | SKIP-FOR-NOW | for cognitive use (wrong mechanism). May be relevant for diabetic peripheral neuropathy or other age-related small-fiber pathology, but other tools are higher-leverage. |
Anxiety-prone | SKIP-FOR-NOW | unless specific small-fiber pathology. Not anxiogenic, not anxiolytic. |
DylanHigh athletic load, untested status (Dylan-relevant) | WATCH-LIST | for cubital tunnel / chronic peripheral nerve compression specifically; SKIP-FOR-NOW for general "recovery" use. WADA: not explicitly listed but EPO-class derivative; conservative interpretation is "prohibited" — irrelevant for Dylan untested, but flag if competition status changes. |
Sleep-disordered | SKIP-FOR-NOW | Not a sleep tool. |
Recovery-focused (post-injury, post-illness) | OPTIONAL-ADD | if the recovery has a clear peripheral-nerve or small-fiber component (post-surgical neuropathic pain, chemo-induced neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy patient). Otherwise SKIP — BPC-157 + TB-500 are the better fit for tendon/ligament/general tissue repair. |
Specifically | — | sarcoidosis-associated small-fiber neuropathy: STRONG-CANDIDATE. This is the indication ARA-290 was designed for and where the published trial evidence is strongest. Not relevant to Dylan but flag for completeness. |
Specifically | — | diabetic peripheral neuropathy: OPTIONAL-ADD. Phase 2 evidence supports the mechanism in this population. Other established treatments (alpha-lipoic acid, glycemic control, gabapentinoids, SNRIs) should be tried first. |
Strength/anabolic-focused | SKIP | Wrong category. |
Aging-focused (40-70, healthy, longevity-priority) | SKIP-FOR-NOW | No specific injury target. Mechanism doesn't strongly support general anti-aging use. |
- Dylan20-30, brain-priority, with peripheral nerve compression (Dylan's actual situation)WATCH-LIST
Mechanism is genuinely small-fiber-neuropathy-aligned; cubital tunnel has a small-fiber pain component. But BPC-157 + TB-500 already cover this territory with deeper evidence base, larger community use, lower cost, and better sourcing reliability. Add ARA-290 only if cycle 1 of BPC-157 + TB-500 produces partial-only response, or if Araim publishes a peripheral-nerve compression Phase 3 readout. Do not run as first-line addition to V5.
- Dylan20-30, brain-priority, no specific tissue injury (general use)SKIP-FOR-NOW
ARA-290 requires an injured-tissue target. Without one, the IRR is not upregulated and there's nothing for the peptide to bind. Cost and complexity not justified.
- 30-50, executive maintenanceSKIP-FOR-NOW
unless a specific small-fiber-neuropathy or chronic peripheral nerve injury is present.
- 50+, mild cognitive declineSKIP-FOR-NOW
for cognitive use (wrong mechanism). May be relevant for diabetic peripheral neuropathy or other age-related small-fiber pathology, but other tools are higher-leverage.
- Anxiety-proneSKIP-FOR-NOW
unless specific small-fiber pathology. Not anxiogenic, not anxiolytic.
- DylanHigh athletic load, untested status (Dylan-relevant)WATCH-LIST
for cubital tunnel / chronic peripheral nerve compression specifically; SKIP-FOR-NOW for general "recovery" use. WADA: not explicitly listed but EPO-class derivative; conservative interpretation is "prohibited" — irrelevant for Dylan untested, but flag if competition status changes.
- Sleep-disorderedSKIP-FOR-NOW
Not a sleep tool.
- Recovery-focused (post-injury, post-illness)OPTIONAL-ADD
if the recovery has a clear peripheral-nerve or small-fiber component (post-surgical neuropathic pain, chemo-induced neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy patient). Otherwise SKIP — BPC-157 + TB-500 are the better fit for tendon/ligament/general tissue repair.
- Specifically—
sarcoidosis-associated small-fiber neuropathy: STRONG-CANDIDATE. This is the indication ARA-290 was designed for and where the published trial evidence is strongest. Not relevant to Dylan but flag for completeness.
- Specifically—
diabetic peripheral neuropathy: OPTIONAL-ADD. Phase 2 evidence supports the mechanism in this population. Other established treatments (alpha-lipoic acid, glycemic control, gabapentinoids, SNRIs) should be tried first.
- Strength/anabolic-focusedSKIP
Wrong category.
- Aging-focused (40-70, healthy, longevity-priority)SKIP-FOR-NOW
No specific injury target. Mechanism doesn't strongly support general anti-aging use.
▸ Subjective experience (deep)
Per the small published trial cohort + thin biohacker community reports at 2-4 mg SC daily × 4 weeks:
- Days 1-7 (first week): Typically nothing perceptible. The mechanism is signaling at injured-tissue receptors, not producing acute neurotransmitter effects. Possible mild fatigue or lethargy in the first few injections (also reported with TB-500); some users report a faint warm/flushed feeling at injection. Mild injection-site soreness, transient bruising — clears in <24h.
- Week 2: Subtle baseline shift. Users who are paying close attention may notice slightly reduced burning/tingling intensity, slightly improved autonomic function (less night sweating, less orthostatic lightheadedness if those were baseline issues). Many users report nothing perceptible at this point.
- Weeks 3-4 (peak): This is where the trial cohort showed the clearest effect signal and where subjective experience tends to consolidate. Users with a clear small-fiber-pattern target (burning pain, paresthesia, autonomic complaints) report meaningful symptom reduction — typically described as "the burning is just less" or "the tingling doesn't dominate my attention anymore." Effect is gradual, not a step-change. Effect on objective sensory function (2-point discrimination, light-touch threshold) is more variable.
- Post-cycle (weeks 1-4 after stop): Reports vary. Some users describe persistent benefit consistent with a true tissue-level repair effect; others see gradual return of baseline symptoms within 2-4 weeks of stopping. The pattern suggests ARA-290 is at least partly producing structural / inflammatory-state changes that persist, not just a transient pharmacological effect.
Honesty about variability: This is a peptide where placebo + small-cohort + selection-bias effects are particularly hard to disentangle. The Heij 2012 trial showed real effect vs placebo, but effect sizes were modest. Self-experimenters paying $80-150/month for ARA-290 are not blinded and want it to work. Subjective experience is consistent with a real but modest effect — not a "wow, this changed everything" peptide. The signal-to-noise is highest in users with clear small-fiber-pattern symptoms (burning, tingling, autonomic complaints) and lowest in users with primarily large-fiber complaints (motor weakness, classic numbness without burning).
For Dylan's cubital tunnel specifically: Dylan's described symptom is "pressure-based, nerve-feeling pain on soft surfaces" — this has a small-fiber component (pressure-evoked dysesthesia) but is primarily mechanical-compression-driven large-fiber pathology. The expected ARA-290 effect would be on the small-fiber pain quality (the burning/tingling sensation when the nerve is compressed) more than on the underlying compression itself. BPC-157's Schwann-cell + angiogenic mechanism is more directly addressing the compression-tissue level; ARA-290 would be addressing the small-fiber pain experience that emerges from that tissue state.
▸ Tolerance + cycling deep dive
- Tolerance buildup: Minimal. The IRR is upregulated specifically at injury sites; chronic stimulation may eventually downregulate, but no human data on this.
- Recommended cycle: 4 weeks on, 4-8 weeks off. Up to 2 cycles per year for chronic-management indications.
- Reset protocol: No reset needed; peptide clears within hours.
▸ Stacking deep dive
Synergistic with
- bpc-157 — Mechanism-complementary (BPC-157 → VEGFR2 / NO / Schwann-cell / local angiogenesis; ARA-290 → IRR / anti-inflammatory / small-fiber regeneration). Reasonable to co-administer if a user wants to layer both signals at a peripheral nerve injury site. Caveat: unclear marginal benefit over BPC-157 alone for cubital tunnel — recommend BPC-157 + TB-500 cycle 1 first, add ARA-290 only if response is partial.
- tb-500 — Mechanism non-overlapping (TB-500 → systemic G-actin / cell-migration; ARA-290 → injury-site IRR signaling). Co-administration is theoretically additive but injection-burden becomes high (TB-500 2×/week + BPC-157 daily + ARA-290 daily = 9-10 injections per week). Pragmatically, run TB-500's 8-week cycle, then add ARA-290 in a separate 4-week cycle.
- ghk-cu — Different lane (skin/connective-tissue) but mechanism-non-conflicting. Useful if there's a parallel skin or connective-tissue target. Not a daily-priority for Dylan.
- semax / selank — Different lanes (CNS BBB-permeable Russian peptides). No interaction expected; non-conflicting co-administration.
- Anti-inflammatory infrastructure (curcumin, omega-3, NAC, vitamin C) — already in V4; mechanism-complementary, supports ARA-290's anti-inflammatory direction.
Avoid stacking with
- Exogenous EPO or EPO mimetics — redundant + reintroduces the erythropoietic risk ARA-290 was specifically designed to avoid.
- Active high-dose corticosteroids — theoretical interaction with the immune-modulation arm of ARA-290; not contraindicated but confounding.
- Chronic NSAIDs — same logic as for BPC-157; suppresses inflammatory-phase signaling that ARA-290 modulates. Use acetaminophen for pain control during cycle if needed.
Neutral / safe co-administration
- All V4 daily core supplements
- Modafinil, bromantane, Adamax/Semax, ALCAR, taurine, apigenin (V5 plans)
- Cerebrolysin cycles (different lane, no conflict)
- Standard MMA-relevant supplements
- Caffeine (V4 ramp)
- Creatine
▸ Drug interactions deep dive
- CYP enzymes: ARA-290 is a small peptide cleared by general peptidases — no significant CYP induction or inhibition. Does not affect modafinil (CYP3A4) or any other Dylan stack member.
- Hormonal contraceptives: No interaction. Irrelevant for Dylan.
- Anticoagulants / antiplatelets: No documented interaction. Theoretical: if the IRR-only safety thesis fully holds, ARA-290 should not affect coagulation. Not a documented concern.
- Alcohol: No interaction (Dylan alcohol-free, non-issue).
- NSAIDs: Minimize during cycle for the same reason as BPC-157/TB-500 — chronic NSAIDs may dampen the inflammatory-phase signaling ARA-290 modulates.
- Other immune-modulating drugs (biologics for autoimmune disease, immunosuppressants): unclear interaction; not relevant for Dylan.
▸ Pharmacogenomics
- Minimal published pharmacogenomic data. ARA-290 acts on a heterodimeric receptor (EPOR/βCR) and downstream JAK-STAT cascades. There is no single CYP polymorphism, transporter SNP, or receptor variant that documented-modifies its profile.
- Theoretical / indirect:
- EPOR variants (rare polymorphisms) could in principle affect IRR signaling efficiency. No actionable data.
- JAK2 V617F (a polycythemia vera-associated mutation) would be a hard contraindication if present — but this is rare and would already be flagged on a CBC showing baseline polycythemia.
- Inflammation-axis variants (IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB pathway) could in principle modify response. No actionable data.
- Action item post-23andMe (June 2026): No specific ARA-290-relevant variants to look for. Indirect: any predisposition to thrombosis (factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A) would slightly increase the importance of the CBC/hematocrit safety check during cycle, though ARA-290's mechanism does not directly produce thrombotic risk.
▸ Sourcing deep dive
| Path | Vendor | Cost (per 4 mg vial / 8 mg vial) | Reliability | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Research-chem peptide | Limitless Life Nootropics | $80-120 (4 mg) / $130-180 (8 mg) | medium-high | US-based, COA published. ARA-290 is a smaller-volume product than BPC-157/TB-500 — verify lot-specific COA on each order. |
| Research-chem peptide | Modern Aminos | $90-140 (4 mg) | medium | Specialty peptide vendor; ARA-290 occasionally available. Smaller catalog than the major vendors. |
| Research-chem peptide | Pure Peptides USA | $85-130 (4 mg) | medium | US-based; check stock — ARA-290 is sometimes out due to lower demand than BPC-157/TB-500. |
| Research-chem peptide | Peptide Sciences | ~$100-150 (4 mg) | medium-high | Long-running US vendor, COA published. Among the more reliable for niche peptides. |
| Research-chem peptide | Core Peptides | ~$90-140 (4 mg) | medium-high | Strong reputation for BPC-157/TB-500; ARA-290 stock variable. |
| FDA-approved Rx | Not available | n/a | n/a | ARA-290 / cibinetide remains in development (Araim Pharma, orphan-drug designation but no commercial product). No Rx pathway in the US, EU, or elsewhere. |
| Compounding pharmacy | Restricted | n/a | n/a | Like BPC-157 and TB-500, ARA-290 is not on the FDA Category 1 compounding list. Gray-market peptide vendor is the only path. |
Cost math for Dylan (one 4-week cycle at 4 mg/day):
- 4 mg × 28 days = 112 mg total = 28 × 4 mg vials, or 14 × 8 mg vials
- At Limitless Life @ $130/8mg: 14 × $130 = $1,820 for the ARA-290 component
- That is substantially more expensive than BPC-157 + TB-500 combined. ARA-290 is a high-cost peptide due to lower production volume + specialty status.
- Alternative dosing math at 2 mg/day (if user accepts the lower-dose variant): 2 mg × 28 = 56 mg = 7 × 8 mg vials = $910. Still expensive.
- This cost profile is one of the reasons the verdict is WATCH-LIST not OPTIONAL-ADD — even if Dylan wanted to add ARA-290 to the cubital-tunnel protocol, the marginal benefit-per-dollar over BPC-157 alone is unclear.
Sourcing strategy if revisited:
- Order 2-3 weeks before planned cycle start; verify COA on every batch (HPLC purity ≥98%, mass spec confirming ~1257 Da, endotoxin <0.5 EU/mg).
- Cold chain: lyophilized powder shelf-stable short-term; refrigerate unopened vials and reconstituted vials. Use reconstituted within 30 days.
- Vendor consistency is more variable for ARA-290 than for BPC-157/TB-500 due to lower production volume — willing to wait for in-stock inventory at established vendors rather than chasing the cheapest in-stock option.
Quality verification on receipt:
- Sealed crimp-top vial, intact rubber stopper, lyophilized powder white/off-white
- Vial label matches order; lot number traceable to COA
- COA from independent third-party lab (HPLC + MS confirmation of correct molecular weight)
- If powder discolored, liquid in vial, or seal compromised → discard
▸ Biomarkers to track (deep)
Baseline (before cycle, if Dylan revisits)
- CBC + hematocrit + reticulocyte count — critical safety check. Hematocrit must NOT rise on cycle. This is the key biomarker safeguard distinguishing ARA-290 from EPO.
- hsCRP, IL-6 if available — anti-inflammatory baseline; would expect mild reduction on cycle.
- CMP (general organ-function safety baseline)
- Cubital tunnel objective baseline:
- Grip dynamometer (R + L)
- Pinch dynamometer (key pinch is ulnar-specific)
- Tinel test at medial epicondyle (threshold to elicit paresthesia)
- Phalen / elbow flexion test
- 2-point discrimination at ring + small finger pads (most sensitive for small-fiber function)
- Subjective burning/tingling/pressure-pain symptom scale (0-10)
- Family history thrombosis / polycythemia/JAK2 V617F context — TBD per Dylan profile; minor relevance given the IRR-only safety thesis but worth checking.
During use (week 2, week 4)
- CBC + hematocrit (week 4) — confirms no off-target erythropoiesis. Hard-stop trigger if hematocrit rises >2% from baseline.
- hsCRP (week 4) — would expect mild reduction.
- Repeat grip + pinch dynamometer, Tinel, Phalen, 2-point discrimination
- Subjective symptom diary (burning/tingling intensity, frequency, position triggers)
Post-cycle (4 weeks after stop)
- Repeat full objective battery + CBC
- Decide: meaningful improvement that persists (good response, hold and observe), partial improvement (consider second cycle), no improvement (drop ARA-290 from rotation)
Cycle-to-cycle if running multiple cycles per year
- Pre-cycle CBC + hsCRP + blood pressure each cycle
- Annual review of cumulative cycles + ongoing symptom-relevance vs alternatives
▸ Controversies / open debates Live debate
IRR-selectivity at all doses and durations. The central pharmacological premise of ARA-290 is that it activates EPOR/βCR (IRR) without activating EPOR-homodimer (erythropoiesis receptor). This has been validated across the published trial database — no hematocrit or reticulocyte signal in any cohort. However: the long-term safety of "what if at extended self-experimentation timeframes some off-target activity emerges" is not zero. The hematocrit biomarker check is the practical safeguard.
Effect size: real but modest. The Heij 2012 RCT showed statistically significant improvement vs placebo in sarcoidosis-SFN, but effect sizes were modest. This is a peptide where the symptom improvement is "noticeable" rather than "transformative." Honest expectation-setting required for any user.
Active species + pyroglutamate cyclization. ARA-290 is most often supplied with N-terminal pyroglutamate cyclization for serum stability. Some vendor products may differ — check COA for the pyroglu form. The non-pyroglu form has shorter half-life and the dosing protocols are calibrated to the pyroglu form.
Sarcoidosis-SFN extrapolation to other peripheral neuropathies. The published human evidence base is dominated by sarcoidosis-SFN. Extrapolation to diabetic neuropathy is supported by Phase 2 trials with mixed signals. Extrapolation to cubital tunnel chronic compression is mechanism-based, not RCT-validated. The further from sarcoidosis-SFN, the weaker the inferential chain.
Cibinetide commercialization timeline. Araim Pharmaceuticals' cibinetide program has had orphan-drug designation since the mid-2010s but has not advanced to commercial Phase 3 readout / approval as of this writing in May 2026. The drug has been "almost there" for years. Self-experimenters who are watching for a clinical product to become available should not hold their breath.
WADA classification ambiguity. EPO is explicitly prohibited under WADA S2. ARA-290 is not explicitly listed but is an EPO-derived peptide. Conservative interpretation is "prohibited at all times by spirit of the rule." Relevant for tested athletes; irrelevant for Dylan untested.
Marginal-benefit-over-BPC-157 question. This is the practical operational question for Dylan. The honest answer is: unclear. ARA-290 has a different mechanism (IRR vs VEGFR2/Schwann-cell), but both are aimed at peripheral nerve repair. For a chronic compression injury, BPC-157 has the larger evidence base, better community vouching, and lower cost. ARA-290 may add value at the small-fiber-pain symptom level specifically but the data don't anchor the magnitude of the addition.
My prior verdict humility. Verdict is WATCH-LIST not OPTIONAL-ADD because the case for adding a third peptide to Dylan's cubital tunnel cycle is genuinely thin given existing BPC-157 + TB-500 coverage. Verdict could upgrade to OPTIONAL-ADD if cycle 1 produces partial-only response and a second cycle adding ARA-290 is reasonable. Verdict could downgrade to SKIP-FOR-NOW if the BPC-157 + TB-500 cycle produces full resolution (ARA-290 not needed) or if any erythropoietic safety signal emerges. Verdict could upgrade to STRONG-CANDIDATE in a parallel universe where Dylan develops sarcoidosis-SFN or diabetic neuropathy — neither relevant to current profile.
▸ Verdict change log
- 2026-05-06 — Initial verdict: WATCH-LIST (MEDIUM confidence) for Dylan's cubital tunnel use case. Mechanism is genuinely aligned with the small-fiber pain component of cubital tunnel; EPO-without-erythropoiesis safety distinction is real and validated across 15+ years of trial work; published evidence base is anchored in sarcoidosis-SFN (Heij 2012, n=22, modest pain reduction) with peripheral-neuropathy animal data extrapolating reasonably. Verdict is WATCH-LIST not OPTIONAL-ADD because BPC-157 + TB-500 already cover the cubital tunnel territory with deeper evidence + larger community + lower cost + better sourcing reliability, and the marginal benefit of adding ARA-290 as a third peptide is unclear. Revisit if Dylan's first BPC-157 + TB-500 cycle produces partial-only cubital tunnel response, or if Araim Pharma publishes a peripheral-nerve-compression Phase 3 readout. Hard-stop trigger: any hematocrit rise on cycle (would indicate off-target erythropoietic activity violating the central safety thesis).
▸ Open questions / gaps Open
- Peripheral-nerve compression human RCT. None exists. Mechanism + sciatic-nerve animal data + sarcoidosis-SFN human data is the inferential chain for cubital tunnel. A single positive human trial in any compression-pattern peripheral neuropathy would meaningfully strengthen the verdict.
- Marginal benefit over BPC-157 alone for cubital tunnel. Untested. A head-to-head comparison or a clear additive-effect study would resolve the practical question for Dylan.
- Active species verification. Vendor pyroglu vs non-pyroglu form — check COA, but also verify with mass spec when possible.
- Long-term safety beyond 4-8 weeks. Trial data is anchored in 4-week cycles. Self-experimenter long-term cohorts don't exist at the size to detect rare adverse events.
- Araim pipeline status. Worth re-checking in 2026-Q4 / 2027 for any movement on commercialization or new trial readouts.
- Sourcing stability. ARA-290 vendor stock is more variable than BPC-157/TB-500. Worth periodically re-checking vendor catalogs to know what's available.
- Cubital tunnel diagnosis confirmation (shared with BPC-157/TB-500 entries). Symptom-based assessment; if peptide cycles produce partial-only response, NCS/EMG to confirm and grade severity should precede continued protocol.
▸ Sources (full, with our context)
- Heij et al. 2012 — Safety and efficacy of ARA 290 in sarcoidosis patients with symptoms of small fiber neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind pilot study (Mol Med) — foundational human RCT, n=22, 4 mg SC daily × 28 days
- Brines & Cerami — non-erythropoietic, tissue-protective peptides derived from EPO (mechanism review) — IRR vs EPOR-homodimer pharmacology
- Araim Pharmaceuticals — pipeline page (cibinetide / ARA-290) — sponsor page, orphan-drug designation
- ARA-290 type 1 diabetes Phase 2 (NCT01571297) — β-cell preservation Phase 2 results
- Cibinetide diabetic peripheral neuropathy Phase 2 review — diabetic neuropathy + corneal nerve density signals
- Innate repair receptor pharmacology review — EPOR/βCR heterocomplex mechanism
- pHBSP / ARA-290 sciatic nerve crush rodent data — peripheral nerve injury animal model
- Wikipedia: Cibinetide — general background
- Wikipedia: Erythropoietin — parent molecule context
- Brines lab — Tissue-protective EPO derivatives review — mechanism + safety distinction from EPO
- WADA 2026 Prohibited List (PDF) — S2 EPO-class context (ARA-290 not explicitly listed; conservative interpretation)
- Limitless Life Nootropics ARA-290 product page — vendor sourcing reference
- Modern Aminos ARA-290 product page — alternative vendor sourcing reference