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Melanotan II (MTII)

Extensively Studied

Non-selective melanocortin agonist developed at University of Arizona (Hadley/Hruby lab, late 1980s) as a sunless-tanning +…

Aliases (6)
MT-II · MT-2 · Melanotan-2 · MTII · Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2 · tan jab
TYPICAL DOSE
0.25-0.5 mg
Daily SC (loading)
ROUTE
Subcutaneous injection
Subcutaneous / IM
CYCLE
No formal cycling pattern in the gray-market li…
Typical duration
STORAGE
2-6°C after reconstitution; lyophilized vial ro…
Refrigerated

Overview

What is Melanotan II (MTII)?

Melanotan II (MT-II) is a synthetic non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist. It is used off-label for tanning, sexual dysfunction (parent of bremelanotide), and appetite-related research; not FDA approved.

Key Benefits

Induces durable tanning at low UV exposure, improves erectile function and libido via MC4R agonism, suppresses appetite, and is a pharmacologic ancestor of approved bremelanotide.

Mechanism of Action

Standard route — SC injection delivers full systemic exposure. MC1R agonism in skin drives melanogenesis (visible pigmentation in 5-7 days, plateau at 4-6 weeks). MC3R/MC4R hypothalamic activation drives the pro-erectile effect (1-3 hours post-injection) and appetite suppression. MC5R contributes to flushing. Loading 0.25-0.5 mg daily × 7-14 days, maintenance 0.5-1 mg 2-3× weekly. Cmax-driven nausea (30-90 min post-injection) is the dose-limiting effect.

Molecular Information

Type

Heptapeptide

Amino Acid Sequence:

Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys

Reconstitution Lyophilized peptide

Reconstitute lyophilized peptide with bacteriostatic water (BAC) using sterile technique. Calculator below converts vial mg + diluent mL into syringe units.

Vial size
10 mg / vial
Diluent
3 mL diluent
Steps
  1. 1 Wipe BAC water vial + peptide vial stoppers with isopropyl alcohol.
  2. 2 Draw the planned diluent volume into a 1 mL syringe.
  3. 3 Inject diluent slowly down the inside wall of the peptide vial — do NOT spray onto powder.
  4. 4 Swirl gently (do not shake) until fully dissolved. Solution should be clear.
  5. 5 Label vial with date reconstituted; refrigerate 2-8 °C.
  6. 6 Use within 30 days for most peptides (BPC-157 / TB-500 ~ 60 days at 4 °C).
Open dose calculator for Melanotan II (MTII)

Peptide Interactions

bremelanotide (PT-141)
Synergistic

Same family, MC4-leaning. Some users stack briefly to combine MTII's tanning durability with PT-141's cleaner on-demand sexual function. Mechanism is redunda…

PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil)
Synergistic

additive on erection; MTII works centrally, PDE5i works peripherally. Increases priapism risk substantially when stacked. *If MTII is being used for sexual f…

Other melanocortin agonists (afamelanotide, setmelanotide, bremelanotide chronic)
Avoid

receptor saturation + additive side effects. Pick one mechanism.

Stimulants (high-dose caffeine, modafinil, amphetamine)
Avoid

additive sympathomimetic load on the cardiovascular system. The reported rhabdo case involved stim-pattern stacking.

MAOIs / serotonergic stacks
Avoid

theoretical concern given some 5-HT involvement in MC pathways; case reports thin but mechanism plausible.

PT-141 (Bremelanotide)
Caution

Both act on melanocortin receptors - combining may cause excessive side effects including nausea and blood pressure changes

Alpha-MSH
Avoid

Redundant mechanism - both stimulate same melanocortin receptors, increasing risk of side effects without additional benefit

Cialis/Viagra
Monitor

May enhance sexual effects - monitor for prolonged erections and cardiovascular effects, especially blood pressure

Blood Pressure Medications
Monitor

MT-II can affect blood pressure - monitor closely if combining with antihypertensives

BPC-157
Compatible

No known interactions - different mechanisms of action and receptor targets

Growth Hormone Peptides
Compatible

No documented interactions - work through different pathways (GHRH/ghrelin vs melanocortin)

Appetite Suppressants
Monitor

MT-II has appetite suppressing effects - monitor for excessive appetite reduction when combining

Thyroid Medications
Compatible

No specific studies on interaction - consult healthcare provider as both can affect metabolism

Quality Indicators

White, fluffy cake (peptides)

Lyophilized peptide should appear as a white, fluffy "cake" filling most of the vial bottom. Indicates proper freeze-drying.

Clear solution after reconstitution

After mixing with bacteriostatic water, the solution should be crystal clear with no particles or cloudiness.

!

Slight clumping acceptable

Small clumps that fully dissolve with gentle swirling are normal — shipping can cause minor compaction.

Collapsed or melted powder

Powder that looks collapsed, melted, or stuck to vial sides may have been heat-damaged in transit.

Cloudy or particulate solution

Persistent cloudiness or visible particles after gentle mixing indicate degraded or contaminated material.

What to Expect

  • Day 1-7
    Injection / administration protocol established. Tolerability check.
  • Week 2-4
    Early onset of effect — subtle in most users, noticeable in responders.
  • Week 4-8
    Peak benefit window for most peptide cycles.
  • Week 8+
    Cycle decision point: continue, taper, or break.

Side Effects & Safety 11

Side Effects

  1. 1Nausea — dose-dependent, ~40-60% incidence at 500 mcg loading dose, 21% severe in Wessells trials. Typically loads in first 1-2 weeks, attenuates with continued dosing. Antiemetics (ondansetron 4-8 mg) work.
  2. 2Facial flushing — near-universal during the first 2-4 hours post-injection. Cosmetic, not dangerous, fades.
  3. 3Spontaneous erections (in males) — 30-50% incidence, dose-related, often within 2-4 hours of injection. Can persist hours. Can be socially or contextually problematic.
  4. 4Mole/freckle/nipple/areola darkening — universal at therapeutic doses. Existing pigmented lesions darken faster than background skin.
  5. 5Decreased appetite — mild-to-moderate, especially day of injection.
  6. 6Yawning + stretching ("yawning syndrome") — characteristic melanocortin effect, often paired with the libido effect. Typically benign.
  7. 7Increased libido without erection (in females or non-target users) — MC4R-driven.
  8. 8Acne flares / oily skin — MC5R sebaceous activation.
  9. 9Eruption of new pigmented nevi — *clinically meaningful*. Multiple case reports of new dysplastic nevi appearing within weeks of starting MTII, especially in users with prior nevus burden.
  10. 10Headache, dizziness — generally mild.
  11. 11Injection site irritation — common but usually trivial.

When to Stop

  • Melanoma case reports — dermatology literature documents at least 4 case reports of melanoma emerging during or shortly after MTII use, including transformation of pre-existing nevi. Causation vs. correlation is unproven (population baseline is fair-skinned tan-seeking individuals at elevated melanoma risk regardless), but the mechanistic plausibility (melanogenesis stimulation + UV exposure pairing) is high enough that the question "does MTII increase melanoma risk?" is unanswered and should be assumed yes pending data.
  • Dysplastic nevus eruption with severe dysplasia — multiple case reports (Cardones 2009, Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas 2012). 25-year-old male, 4-week MTII course, multiple new nevi, 3 with severe dysplasia on histology.
  • Priapism — at least 3 published case reports; one required surgical (Winter's) shunt after failed phenylephrine intracavernosal injection. Often associated with overdose (>1 mg single injection) or stacking with PDE5 inhibitor.
  • Rhabdomyolysis + sympathomimetic toxicity — Nelson 2012 case report: 39M, 6 mg single SC injection (6× recommended starting dose), CK >17,000 IU/L at 12h, ICU 3 days, recovered.
  • Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) — Annals of Internal Medicine 2013 case report: seizures, visual disturbance, MRI findings of bilateral posterior white matter abnormalities. Reversible. Mechanism unclear (possible BP-mediated or direct CNS melanocortin effect).
  • Renal infarction — single case report in literature.
  • FAMMM syndrome accelerated nevus change — case report of teenage girl with familial atypical mole and melanoma syndrome who used MTII and tanning beds, developed multiple darkened nevi with one biopsy-confirmed dysplastic.
  • Pre-treatment baseline (mandatory, not optional): full-body skin examination by dermatologist, total-body photography ("mole mapping"), dermoscopy of any nevus >2 mm or with prior atypia. This baseline is the only way to monitor for change during use.
  • First 4 weeks: assess nausea tolerance, BP changes (some users report transient elevation), spontaneous erection pattern.
  • 3 months and ongoing every 3-6 months: full-body re-exam comparing to baseline photos. Any nevus changing in color, size, shape, or border = excisional biopsy threshold.
  • Stop immediately: any seizure, severe headache + visual disturbance (PRES rule-out), priapism >2 hours (urological emergency), painful nevus change, or systemic toxicity (muscle pain + dark urine = rhabdo workup).
  • Most "research peptide" vendors source from Chinese contract manufacturers, repackage in EU or US "labs," and sell with widely variable purity, sterility, and actual peptide content (Dr. Gerstman 2024 substack analysis). Independent third-party testing is rare. Some vials contain <50% labeled peptide; others contain endotoxin contamination. This is not a moralistic warning — it's the documented baseline reality of the gray peptide market.
  • No GMP, no cold-chain guarantee, no recall mechanism — if a batch is contaminated, there is no regulatory infrastructure to know.

References

Melanocortin peptide therapeutics: Historical milestones, clinical studies and commercialization (Hadley 2005), ScienceDirect

sciencedirect.com · 2005

Mac Hadley's own historical review of the Arizona program

View Study

UA-developed synthetic hormones speed a tan, Tucson.com

tucson.com

Local newspaper history of the Arizona development

View Study

Melanotan II Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Background, structure, regulatory status

View Study

Melanotan II overview, ScienceDirect Topics

sciencedirect.com

Structural and pharmacological overview

View Study

The Melanocortin Receptor System: A Target for Multiple Degenerative Diseases, PMC5999398

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Comprehensive MCR review

View Study
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