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Compact view
Research pass: medium Compound WATCH-LIST LOW

Hordenine

Extended Research
Extended Research

Our depth — beyond the mirror

Deeper analysis, verdict reasoning, and per-archetype recommendations from our research team.

Editor's verdict WATCH-LIST LOW

Mild stimulant + reversible MAO-B substrate primarily used as a pre-workout potentiator for PEA. The PEA + hordenine combination is the canonical forum protocol — extends PEA's 5-15 min half-life to ~1-3 hours of usable focus/euphoria. Standalone effects are subtle (mild appetite suppression, mood lift, modest stimulation). Cardiovascular signal is real but modest at typical 50-100 mg supplement doses. Not WADA-banned, not DEA-scheduled, sold legally in pre-workout blends. Cleaner alternatives exist for stimulation (caffeine, paraxanthine) and for cognitive PRN (modafinil, the user's V5 stack). Worth knowing about as a niche pre-workout potentiator; not worth a daily slot.

Research pass: medium
Decision matrix by user profile Per-archetype
  • 20-30, brain-priority, high cognitive workload (the user-archetype)
    WATCH-LIST

    Skip; the user's V5 modafinil pipeline + caffeine + L-tyrosine + paraxanthine cover the cognitive/stim use cases more reliably and with better evidence. PEA + hordenine is a niche PRN curiosity, not a daily-stack add.

  • 30-50, executive maintenance
    WATCH-LIST

    Same logic.

  • 50+, mild cognitive decline
    WATCH-LIST

    Selegiline + PEA has more clinical literature for depression-adjacent indications; hordenine + PEA is the OTC analog without the supervised-MAOI risk but also without the supporting RCT data.

  • Anxiety-prone
    AVOID

    adrenergic surge can spike anxiety even at modest doses.

  • High athletic load, tested status
    H

    itself not WADA-prohibited, but pre-workouts containing it often contain banned stimulants. Check labels carefully.

  • Combat sport context (MMA / hard spar)
    OPTIONAL-ADD

    pre-training only at low dose, not for spar-day reaction-consistency reasons (no combat-sport RCT exists for hordenine). Default conservative.

  • Sleep-disordered
    AVOID

    if dosed late.

  • Recovery-focused
    I
  • Cutting / contest-prep body composition
    OPTIONAL-ADD

    as a mild appetite-suppressant adjunct. Not a serious weight-loss tool; effect is modest.

  • Strength/anabolic-focused pre-workout
    OPTIONAL-ADD

    as part of a layered pre-workout stack. Marginal pre-workout edge.

Subjective experience (deep)

Standalone hordenine 50-100 mg oral:

  • Onset: 30-60 min, gentle.
  • Peak feel: ~1-1.5 hours post-dose.
  • Subjective effect: Mild stimulation — most users describe it as "there but not pronounced." Slight appetite suppression. Light mood lift. Modest "warming" sensation, mild increase in alertness without strong cognitive sharpening. Some users report nothing at all at 50 mg.
  • Duration: 2-4 hours subjective; tapers gently rather than crashing.
  • Cardiovascular: Modest HR rise (3-8 bpm typical at 100 mg), small BP rise. CV-healthy adults rarely notice it; pre-existing CV-sensitive users may feel it.
  • Honest assessment: As a standalone tool, hordenine is the kind of supplement where double-blinding it against placebo would likely produce a small, non-significant effect. Most of its supplement-industry presence is downstream of the PEA-potentiator stack rationale, not independent merit.

Hordenine 50-75 mg + PEA 500 mg (the canonical stack, taken 30-45 min apart):

  • Onset: 15-45 min after PEA dose (hordenine pre-load already partial).
  • Subjective effect: Noticeably more focus, euphoria, energy, and motivation than either compound alone. Effect feels closer to a low-dose ADHD stimulant or amphetamine analog, but cleaner and shorter. "Get-shit-done" feel, mood lift, appetite suppression, mild body warmth.
  • Duration: 1-3 hours of usable effect; tapers without the hard crash of caffeine.
  • CV signal: More pronounced than either alone, but still modest at standard doses. Avoid the stack with other strong sympathomimetics.

Pre-workout context (hordenine + caffeine + PEA + N-methyl-tyramine + tyrosine + B-vitamins):

  • The "pre-workout stack" subjective effect is dominated by caffeine; hordenine + PEA contribute a layered focus/motivation feel on top. Effect is real but small magnitude relative to caffeine itself.

Honest variability: Some users find hordenine produces palpable effects at 50-75 mg; others report nothing even at 150 mg. Variance is large and not well-characterized pharmacogenomically. MAO-B activity polymorphisms likely contribute (slow MAO-B = stronger effect of any MAO-B substrate or inhibitor).

Tolerance + cycling deep dive
  • Tolerance buildup: Mild and slow at supplement doses. The MAO-B competitive interaction is reversible and competitive — it doesn't produce the kind of receptor downregulation seen with chronic adenosine antagonism (caffeine) or chronic dopamine release (amphetamines). However, repeated daily dosing of any sympathomimetic-leaning compound produces some tachyphylaxis.
  • Recommended cycle: PRN use is the dominant pattern; daily use is uncommon. For pre-workout use, 4-5 days/week is reasonable. For PEA + hordenine PRN focus stack, 1-3 days/week.
  • Reset protocol: 7-14 days off restores any modest tolerance.
  • Cross-tolerance: Likely some cross-tolerance with other phenethylamine sympathomimetics (tyramine, synephrine, N-methyl-tyramine) and weakly with amphetamine-class compounds. Probably no cross-tolerance with adenosine-class stimulants (caffeine, paraxanthine).
Stacking deep dive

Synergistic with

  • phenylethylamine: The canonical hordenine stack. Hordenine's reversible MAO-B competition extends PEA's 5-15 min half-life to 1-3 hours, producing a smoother, longer focus/euphoria pulse. Pre-load hordenine 30-45 min before PEA. The single most popular practical use of hordenine.
  • caffeine: Common pre-workout pairing. Caffeine's adenosine antagonism + hordenine's sympathomimetic + dopaminergic feel layer cleanly. Not synergistic in a special way; just additive within a tolerable CV envelope at standard doses.
  • l-tyrosine: Trace-amine + dopamine-precursor pairing. Tyrosine supplies the substrate for trace-amine biosynthesis and dopamine; hordenine modulates the trace-amine system. Mild theoretical synergy; not breakthrough.
  • N-methyl-tyramine (NMT): Often co-formulated in pre-workouts. Both are phenethylamine derivatives with similar pharmacology; effect is additive.

Avoid stacking with

  • Non-selective MAOIs (phenelzine, tranylcypromine): Hypertensive crisis risk through tyramine-pressor mechanism. Hordenine itself is structurally similar to tyramine and full MAOI blockade can produce serious BP spikes.
  • Selegiline at antidepressant-range doses (10+ mg): Same logic. At MAO-B-selective low-dose selegiline (5 mg) the risk is lower but still present, especially with tyramine-rich diet.
  • Tyramine-rich foods + selegiline: Established cheese-effect interaction; adding hordenine on top compounds risk.
  • High-dose other sympathomimetics (synephrine + yohimbine + ephedrine + caffeine megadose): Cumulative CV load. Many "extreme" pre-workouts stack 5+ stimulants and produce real CV events in susceptible users.
  • Stimulant medications (amphetamine, methylphenidate) at therapeutic doses: Additive sympathomimetic load.
  • PM dosing past 6h pre-bed: Sleep onset delay risk.
  • Drug-tested elite athletes during competition windows: Hordenine itself is not WADA-prohibited, but pre-workout blends containing hordenine often contain banned stimulants; check labels carefully.

Neutral / safe co-administration

  • The user's V4/V5 baseline supplements (Mg, NAC, citicoline, alpha-GPC, PS, DHA, curcumin, rhodiola, glycine/tryptophan, D3/K2, beta-alanine, vitamin C) — no interactions of concern.
  • Most peptides (BPC-157, TB-500, Semax, Selank) — neutral.
  • Paraxanthine — likely neutral/additive in the same way caffeine + hordenine is. No specific RCT of the combination.
Drug interactions deep dive
  • MAOIs (non-selective and selective MAO-B at high doses): primary clinically relevant interaction — covered in Stacking.
  • Sympathomimetics (pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, ephedrine, amphetamines, high-dose synephrine, yohimbine): additive pressor / CV load.
  • Antihypertensives: modest theoretical antagonism via the small pressor effect; not clinically meaningful at supplement doses but worth noting.
  • SSRIs: theoretical additive serotonergic load if combined with strong MAOI; no concern at supplement doses without that potentiator.
  • Stimulant medications (Adderall, methylphenidate): additive CV / sympathomimetic effect.
Pharmacogenomics
  • MAO-B activity polymorphisms affect both endogenous PEA/dopamine clearance and the practical impact of MAO-B substrates like hordenine. Slow MAO-B carriers may experience stronger subjective effects from hordenine + PEA stacks; fast MAO-B carriers may notice nothing.
  • COMT Val/Val vs Met/Met affects dopamine clearance; high-COMT-activity (Val/Val) users may benefit slightly more from compounds that prolong dopamine signaling.
  • No actionable pharmacogenomic test currently available for predicting hordenine response.
Sourcing deep dive
Path Vendor Cost Reliability Notes
OTC powder Bulk Supplements / Nutricost (Amazon) $10-15 / 100 g Medium-high Hordenine HCl powder; verify COA.
OTC capsules Various pre-workout-ingredient sellers $15-25 / 60-100 caps Medium Standalone hordenine cap products exist but are less common.
Pre-workout blends Mr. Hyde, Total War, RYSE Sundae Funday, others varies Variable Often paired with PEA, caffeine, N-methyl-tyramine, theacrine. Check labels for banned-stimulant inclusion if drug-tested.
Bulk research-grade Sigma-Aldrich, Cayman Chemical (research only) high Highest Reference-standard purity; not for human consumption labeling but used for QC.

For users in this archetype: standalone hordenine is rarely worth ordering as a dedicated bottle. If experimenting with the PEA + hordenine stack, Bulk Supplements hordenine HCl powder + Bulk Supplements PEA HCl powder + a milligram-scale is the cleanest path (~$20-30 total). Otherwise, exposure happens organically through any standard pre-workout that lists it on the panel.

Biomarkers to track (deep)

Baseline (before starting)

  • Resting HR + BP (3-day morning average) — hordenine adds 3-8 bpm at 100 mg, modest BP rise.
  • Subjective mood / focus VAS for 5-7 days pre-dose if using for PRN focus.
  • Anxiety baseline (GAD-7 or daily 1-10 VAS).
  • Body composition / weight if using for appetite-suppression context.

During use

  • First 2 weeks: post-dose HR/BP at 60 and 120 min to characterize personal response.
  • Subjective focus / mood VAS on use-days vs rest-days.
  • Sleep tracker (Oura/equivalent) — flag any sleep onset delay or REM/deep sleep degradation if dosing afternoon.
  • Body composition if appetite suppression is the primary use case.

Post-cycle (rarely needed; PRN use dominant)

  • Note any subjective rebound (rare with hordenine; mostly absent at supplement doses).
Controversies / open debates Live debate

1. "Does standalone hordenine actually do anything?"

  • The mechanism is real (MAO-B competitive substrate, weak TAAR1 agonist, weak indirect sympathomimetic) but the magnitude at typical 50-100 mg supplement doses is small. Many users report nothing.
  • The "feels like a stim" reports may be partly contaminated by stacked-product use (most exposure is via pre-workouts containing 4-8 other stimulants).
  • Practical: probably real-but-small effect; placebo-controlled trial would likely show a small, marginally significant signal.

2. "Is the PEA + hordenine stack actually better than caffeine + L-tyrosine?"

  • The trace-amine + MAO-B-prolongation approach is mechanistically distinct from caffeine's adenosine antagonism, so subjective profile differs.
  • Caffeine + L-tyrosine has decades of evidence and a more reliable subjective effect.
  • PEA + hordenine has a more "amphetamine-adjacent" subjective feel that some users prefer for short focus blocks.
  • Practical: probably not better, just different. Worth a single PRN trial out of curiosity; not worth a daily slot.

3. "Cardiovascular safety of pre-workouts containing hordenine — real concern or scaremongering?"

  • Hordenine itself at 50-100 mg in CV-healthy adults: low CV signal, generally safe.
  • "Extreme" pre-workouts stacking hordenine + synephrine + yohimbine + 300+ mg caffeine + other stims: real CV events documented in the supplement-injury literature, but attributing causation to hordenine specifically is difficult.
  • Practical: hordenine's CV contribution is small; the risk in pre-workout blends comes from the cumulative stack, not hordenine alone.

4. "Why is it not WADA-prohibited?"

  • Hordenine is an endogenous trace amine present at low levels in many foods (especially barley sprouts and beer). WADA's stimulant criteria require a substance to be either explicitly listed or fall under a "and other substances of similar pharmacological structure or biological effect" clause. Hordenine has been considered but not banned. Specific stimulants in pre-workouts (DMAA, DMHA, methylhexanamine) have been banned individually.
  • Practical: hordenine is currently safe for WADA-tested athletes, but pre-workout blends containing it often contain banned stims — read labels.

5. "Hordenine in beer / barley exposure — practical relevance?"

  • Barley sprouts contain modest hordenine; beer made from sprouted barley contains trace amounts. Dietary exposure is far below pharmacological threshold. No practical relevance for supplement decisions.
Verdict change log
  • 2026-05-10 — Initial verdict: WATCH-LIST / LOW CONFIDENCE. Mild stimulant + reversible MAO-B substrate primarily useful as a PEA potentiator. Standalone effects subtle. Cleaner alternatives (caffeine, paraxanthine, modafinil) cover the user's cognitive/stim use cases better. Worth knowing about as the canonical companion to PEA in supplement pre-workouts; not worth a daily slot.
Open questions / gaps Open
  • No modern human RCT of standalone hordenine on cognition, mood, or athletic performance. The literature is older (1970s-1990s) animal pharmacology + in vitro enzyme kinetics + 21st-century pre-workout supplement use.
  • No formal RCT of the PEA + hordenine stack vs placebo or vs caffeine. The stack is anecdotally well-known but unmeasured.
  • MAO-B occupancy quantification at typical supplement doses (50-100 mg) — would be useful to know what fraction of MAO-B is competitively occupied at peak hordenine concentration, to predict the magnitude of PEA half-life extension.
  • Pharmacogenomic stratification of hordenine response — likely meaningful for MAO-B activity polymorphism carriers but unmeasured in published literature.
  • CV safety profile in cumulative pre-workout stacks — most adverse-event reports are confounded by multi-stimulant exposure.

References

Liang Y, Nikolic M, Petty F. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1): a review of its receptor pharmacology and target identification (Mol Pharmacol 2018)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · 2018

modern TAAR1 receptor pharmacology framework relevant to all phenethylamine trace amines including hordenine.

View Study

Borowsky B, Adham N, Jones KA, et al. Trace amines: identification of a family of mammalian G protein-coupled receptors (PNAS 2001)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · 2001

TAAR1 receptor identification; PEA and N-methylated phenethylamines as endogenous ligands.

View Study

Berry MD. Mammalian central nervous system trace amines (J Neurochem 2004)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · 2004

review of trace amine system; mechanistic context for hordenine and related compounds.

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Sabelli HC, Mosnaim AD. Phenylethylamine hypothesis of affective behavior (Am J Psychiatry 1974)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · 1974

historical PEA + trace-amine framework relevant to the PEA + hordenine practical stack.

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Frank MS, Nahata MC, Hilty MD. Hordenine: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects in the horse (J Pharm Sci 1980)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · 1980

foundational pharmacology paper covering distribution, kinetics, and basic activity. Note: PubMed-search URL because precise PMID requires verification at retrieval time.

View Source

Barwell CJ, Basma AN, Lafi MA, Leake LD. Deamination of hordenine by monoamine oxidase and its action on vasa deferentia of the rat (J Pharm Pharmacol 1989)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · 1989

characterized hordenine's competitive MAO interaction; the mechanistic basis for the PEA-potentiator stack rationale.

View Source

Hapke HJ, Strathmann W. Pharmacological effects of hordenine (Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

German veterinary pharmacology paper covering basic activity profile.

View Source

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