This page describes pharmacological agents that may have legal restrictions, side effects, and drug interactions in your jurisdiction. Information is for educational research only — consult a clinician before considering any compound.

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Sunifiram

Sunifiram (DM-235) is a 2000s Italian-academic compound from the Università di Firenze that showed extreme potency in rodent memory models — meaningful effect at 0.001-0.1 mg/kg, which is roughly 1…

Aliases (3)

DM-235 · 1-benzoyl-4-propanoylpiperazine · SUNIFIRAM

TYPICAL DOSE

3-5 mg oral or sublingual, single daytime dose

Daily

ROUTE

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CYCLE

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STORAGE

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Overview

What is Sunifiram?

Sunifiram (DM-235) is a piperazine-derived ampakine-like research compound developed in Italy as a potential cognitive enhancer. It is structurally distinct from the racetam family but shares cognitive-enhancing effects, with reportedly greater potency than piracetam in animal models.

Key Benefits

Enhances learning and memory acquisition in rodent models at low doses, may improve focus and information processing, reverses scopolamine-induced amnesia, and has shown anti-amnesic and possibly neuroprotective effects in preclinical research.

Mechanism of Action

Acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA glutamate receptor, increasing glutamatergic synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP). It also indirectly enhances acetylcholine release in the hippocampus and may modulate glycine-site activity at NMDA receptors.

Peptide Interactions

Cholinergic precursors (alpha-GPC, citicoline):

Synergistic

Forum-popular pairing — AMPA potentiation increases ACh demand, so a cholinergic floor reduces headache risk.

Aniracetam:

Synergistic

Theoretically additive AMPA potentiation; risk = compounded seizure threshold reduction.

Other ampakines, IDRA-21, TAK-653:

Avoid

Additive AMPA modulation = additive seizure risk.

Bupropion, tramadol, high-dose modafinil:

Avoid

Independent seizure liability.

Sleep deprivation:

Avoid

Lowers seizure threshold.

What to Expect

Week 1
Tolerability and dose-response.
Week 2-4
Early effect window.
Week 4-8
Peak benefit assessment.
Week 8+
Cycle decision point.

Side Effects & Safety

Common (forum): Headache, mild jitter, irritability, insomnia if late-dosed
Less common: GI upset, anxiety, brain fog (paradoxical) at higher doses or daily use
Rare-serious: Seizure-threshold concerns are mechanism-driven and forum-anecdote-supported; no published case reports because no clinical population exists.
Specific watch periods: N/A — no human safety dataset.