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Melanotan-I (Afamelanotide)

Emerging

Linear 13-aa α-MSH analog and the FDA-approved cousin of MTII.

Aliases (11)
Afamelanotide · Scenesse · MT-I · MT-1 · Melanotan-1 · NDP-α-MSH · NDP-MSH · Nle4-D-Phe7-α-MSH · CUV1647 · EPT1647 · Sun jab
TYPICAL DOSE
16 mg subcutaneous controlled-release implant, …
Daily SC (loading)
ROUTE
Subcutaneous injection
Subcutaneous / IM
CYCLE
No formal cycling pattern in gray-market litera…
Typical duration
STORAGE
2-6°C after reconstitution; lyophilized vial ro…
Refrigerated

Overview

What is Melanotan-I (Afamelanotide)?

Melanotan I (afamelanotide) is a synthetic analog of α-MSH and a melanocortin receptor agonist. It is approved in some jurisdictions (Scenesse) for erythropoietic protoporphyria and used off-label for tanning.

Key Benefits

Induces dermal melanogenesis and a darker, photoprotective tan, reduces phototoxic reactions in EPP, and offers a more selective profile than melanotan II with less GI and sexual side effects.

Mechanism of Action

The FDA-approved Scenesse 16 mg subcutaneous controlled-release implant (suprailiac region, every 60 days) delivers sustained low-level MC1R activation. Plasma levels peak day 1-2 and decline by day 5-10, but skin pigmentation effect persists 60+ days post-implant. The controlled release minimizes Cmax-driven side effects (nausea, flushing) and is the basis of the EPP photoprotection indication.

Molecular Information

Type

Tripeptide

Amino Acid Sequence:

Ser-Tyr-Ser

Reconstitution Lyophilized peptide

Reconstitute lyophilized peptide with bacteriostatic water (BAC) using sterile technique. Calculator below converts vial mg + diluent mL into syringe units.

Vial size
10 mg / vial
Diluent
2 mL diluent
Steps
  1. 1 Wipe BAC water vial + peptide vial stoppers with isopropyl alcohol.
  2. 2 Draw the planned diluent volume into a 1 mL syringe.
  3. 3 Inject diluent slowly down the inside wall of the peptide vial — do NOT spray onto powder.
  4. 4 Swirl gently (do not shake) until fully dissolved. Solution should be clear.
  5. 5 Label vial with date reconstituted; refrigerate 2-8 °C.
  6. 6 Use within 30 days for most peptides (BPC-157 / TB-500 ~ 60 days at 4 °C).
Open dose calculator for Melanotan-I (Afamelanotide)

Peptide Interactions

Astaxanthin
Synergistic

(V5 candidate for users in this archetype): independent photoprotective mechanism (ROS scavenging in skin) layered with MTI's eumelanin upregulation. Genuine…

Topical broad-spectrum sunscreen for high-UV-index days:
Synergistic

MTI gives ~SPF 2-4 baseline; not a sunscreen substitute. For the user's outdoor MMA seasons or summer travel, sunscreen layered on MTI is the right combination.

Vitamin D3 + K2 (V4 stack):
Synergistic

continue regardless. Increased eumelanin slightly reduces UVB-driven D3 synthesis per unit exposure, so D3 supplementation matters more, not less, on MTI.

MTII
Avoid

receptor saturation + additive side effects + same pathway. Pick one melanocortin tool.

Bremelanotide (PT-141) chronic use
Avoid

same family, redundant; if PT-141 is used PRN for sexual function, that's separable.

Other photosensitizing drugs
Avoid

(some antibiotics like doxycycline, some retinoids) — MTI doesn't directly interact, but the compound use case (more UV exposure with less burn) compounds ph…

the user's V stack base stack
Compatible

no documented interaction with omega-3, citicoline, magnesium, NAC, PS, curcumin, rhodiola, theanine, glycine, D3+K2, beta-alanine, vitamin C.

Modafinil (V5 onboarding)
Compatible

no documented direct interaction. Different pharmacology entirely.

BPC-157 + TB-500
Compatible

(the user's elbow protocol) — no documented interaction. Different peptide families, different receptors.

Creatine
Compatible

no interaction.

Melanotan II
Compatible

Both target melanocortin receptors but Melanotan I has better safety profile and selectivity for MC1R. Should not be combined due to overlapping mechanisms and additive effects.

UV Exposure
Synergistic

Melanotan I enhances tanning response to UV exposure, allowing deeper pigmentation with less sun exposure. Reduces required UV dose for tanning by approximately 50%.

Beta-Carotene
Compatible

Natural carotenoid provides additional photoprotection. No known interactions with Melanotan I. Can be used together for enhanced skin protection.

Tretinoin/Retinoids
Monitor

Retinoids increase skin photosensitivity while Melanotan I provides photoprotection. Monitor for skin reactions and adjust UV exposure accordingly.

Quality Indicators

White, fluffy cake (peptides)

Lyophilized peptide should appear as a white, fluffy "cake" filling most of the vial bottom. Indicates proper freeze-drying.

Clear solution after reconstitution

After mixing with bacteriostatic water, the solution should be crystal clear with no particles or cloudiness.

!

Slight clumping acceptable

Small clumps that fully dissolve with gentle swirling are normal — shipping can cause minor compaction.

Collapsed or melted powder

Powder that looks collapsed, melted, or stuck to vial sides may have been heat-damaged in transit.

Cloudy or particulate solution

Persistent cloudiness or visible particles after gentle mixing indicate degraded or contaminated material.

What to Expect

  • Day 1-7
    Injection / administration protocol established. Tolerability check.
  • Week 2-4
    Early onset of effect — subtle in most users, noticeable in responders.
  • Week 4-8
    Peak benefit window for most peptide cycles.
  • Week 8+
    Cycle decision point: continue, taper, or break.

Side Effects & Safety 9

Side Effects

  1. 1Mild facial flushing — 30-50% incidence on first 1-3 injections, declines with continued use.
  2. 2Mild GI upset / nausea — 10-30% incidence first 1-2 weeks, resolves. Substantially less than MTII.
  3. 3Mole / freckle darkening — present but milder than MTII; ~50% of users notice at maintenance dose.
  4. 4Mild fatigue — first 24-48 hours after Scenesse implant; less reported with injectable.
  5. 5Headache — mild, usually resolves.
  6. 6Injection site irritation — uncommon, usually trivial.
  7. 7Yawning + stretching — characteristic melanocortin effect, much less prominent than MTII.
  8. 8New pigmented nevus formation — reported in EPP registry data and peptide-community use, lower frequency than MTII case reports.
  9. 9Mild appetite suppression — typically only first day post-injection.

When to Stop

  • Melanoma — theoretical risk, unresolved. No documented case reports in MTI users specifically (vs. 4+ for MTII), and the EPP registry's 12-year follow-up has not flagged a signal — but: (a) the EPP population is small and likely fair-skinned with elevated baseline melanoma risk for any reason, (b) cosmetic-injectable use is at higher peak plasma exposure than implant use, (c) mechanistic concern (you're stimulating melanogenesis, so stimulating melanocyte proliferation/activity, which in pre-malignant or DNA-damaged melanocytes is theoretically risk-amplifying) applies regardless. Treat as "lower risk than MTII, not zero, fundamentally unstudied at peptide-community doses."
  • Implant site reactions (Scenesse only) — local fibrosis, granuloma at suprailiac implant site. Resolves spontaneously usually.
  • Hypersensitivity reactions — rare, both implant and injectable.
  • No priapism case reports — meaningful absence given how prominent priapism is in MTII case literature.
  • No PRES, no rhabdomyolysis, no renal infarction — case-report literature for MTII does not extend to MTI. Sample size much smaller, but mechanistic plausibility is also lower (MC1R-preferential vs. non-selective).
  • Pre-treatment baseline (mandatory if using): full-body skin examination by dermatologist, total-body photography, dermoscopy of any nevus >2 mm or with prior atypia.
  • First 4 weeks: assess any GI/flushing tolerance, BP changes (occasional reports), any unusual nevus change.
  • 3 months and ongoing every 6 months: full-body re-exam comparing to baseline photos. Any nevus change → biopsy threshold.
  • Stop immediately: any painful nevus change, severe headache, or systemic symptoms.
  • Same gray-peptide-market quality variability as MTII (Gerstman 2024 substack analysis). Most "research peptide" vendors source from Chinese contract manufacturing, repackage in EU or US "labs," and sell with widely variable purity, sterility, and actual peptide content. Independent third-party COA is rare. Some vials contain <50% labeled peptide; others contain endotoxin contamination.
  • No GMP, no cold-chain guarantee, no recall mechanism. Same baseline reality as MTII gray market.
  • The Scenesse implant is GMP-manufactured by Clinuvel — vastly higher quality control — but is restricted-distribution and inaccessible for cosmetic use.

References

Sawyer TK et al. 4-Norleucine, 7-D-phenylalanine-α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: a highly potent α-melanotropin with ultralong biological activity. PNAS 1980, 77(10):5754-8

pnas.org · 1980

Original NDP-α-MSH paper. The molecule that became afamelanotide.

View Study

Hadley ME, Hruby VJ. Discovery and development of novel melanogenic drugs: melanotan-I and melanotan-II. ScienceDirect

sciencedirect.com

Arizona group historical review of MT-I and MT-II development.

View Study

Afamelanotide — Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Background, structure, regulatory status.

View Study

The Melanocortin Receptor System: A Target for Multiple Degenerative Diseases. PMC5999398

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Comprehensive MCR review including MTI/MTII selectivity context.

View Study

SCENESSE (afamelanotide) implant, FDA label October 2019

accessdata.fda.gov · 2019

Approved EPP product label.

View Study
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