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High-risk compound

Surface here is educational only; do not use without medical supervision. Our editorial verdict is SKIP-FOR-NOW — current cost / risk / redundancy puts it below the line.

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YK-11

Emerging

The thinnest-evidenced compound in the SARM class — zero human RCTs, all data in vitro / cell line; structurally a 17α-methylated steroid that is also-correctly-but-misleadingly called a SARM.

Aliases (7)
YK11 · 17α-methyl-17β-hydroxy-DHT-derivative · Myostine · (17α,20E)-17 · 20-[(1-methoxyethylidene)bis(oxy)]-3-oxo-19-norpregna-4 · 20-diene-21-carboxylic acid methyl ester · myostatin-inhibitor SARM
TYPICAL DOSE
10-15 mg/day oral, 6-8 week cycle, with mandato…
Daily (split BID)
ROUTE
Oral (liquid or capsule)
Oral
CYCLE
6-8 weeks max, with mandatory PCT and 12-16 wee…
6-8 weeks max with mandatory PCT and 12-16 week off-cycle minimum
STORAGE
Room temp; cool dry place
Room temp; cool dry place

Overview

What is YK-11?

YK-11 is a synthetic steroidal compound (a 17α-methylated 19-nor-pregnane) often classified as a SARM but mechanistically and structurally a partial-agonist 17α-methylated steroid. It is not FDA-approved for any indication, has zero published human RCTs, and is banned by WADA. The compound's reputation as a 'myostatin-inhibitor SARM' rests on a single 2013 paper showing follistatin upregulation in mouse C2C12 myoblasts (Kanno 2013, PMID 23995658) — never replicated in humans, never confirmed in vivo in any species.

Key Benefits

Reported by community users to produce strong lean-mass and recomposition gains, often described as 'the most aggressive SARM' for body composition. The dual-action pitch is AR partial agonism + follistatin → myostatin antagonism. None of these claims are supported by human clinical data; all are extrapolated from mouse cell lines and bodybuilding forum bloodwork logs.

Mechanism of Action

Synthetic steroidal AR partial agonist (does NOT induce the AR N/C interaction required for full transactivation) PLUS indirect myostatin antagonist via follistatin upregulation in C2C12 mouse myoblasts. The 17α-methyl group on the steroid scaffold puts YK-11 in the same hepatotoxicity class as oral 17α-alkylated AAS (anadrol, dianabol, winstrol, methyltestosterone). Class assignment (SARM vs. synthetic steroid) is genuinely contested in the published literature.

Peptide Interactions

None recommended.
Synergistic

Stacking SARMs (e.g., YK-11 + RAD-140 or YK-11 + LGD-4033) is common in bodybuilding circles but multiplies HPG suppression and hepatic load with no proven a…

TUDCA (250-500 mg/day), NAC (1200-1800 mg/day), milk thistle (200-400 mg/day)
Synergistic

hepatoprotective stack run prophylactically; genuinely useful for hepatic load mitigation though they don't eliminate the risk.

Creatine + adequate protein (≥1.6 g/kg)
Synergistic

independent additive lean-mass support, no pharmacological collision.

Omega-3 (fish oil) high-dose (≥3 g EPA+DHA/day)
Synergistic

partial offset of HDL crash and lipid derangement; doesn't reverse it.

Vitamin D + zinc + magnesium (the user's V's stack already)
Synergistic

supports endogenous T axis during PCT recovery.

Other SARMs (LGD-4033, RAD-140, ostarine, S-23, andarine):
Avoid

Compounding HPG suppression and hepatic load; no proven additive efficacy.

17α-alkylated oral AAS (anadrol, dianabol, winstrol, oxandrolone, methyltestosterone):
Avoid

Structural hepatotoxicity stacking — this is the worst of the worst combinations. YK-11's 17α-methyl group plus another 17α-alkylated compound multiplies the…

Other 17α-alkylated SARMs / prohormones:
Avoid

Same logic.

Hepatotoxic medications/supplements:
Avoid

Acetaminophen ≥3 g/day chronic, isoniazid, methotrexate, high-dose niacin, kava, high-dose curcumin extracts, DMAA. Additive liver risk.

Heavy alcohol:
Avoid

Liver-load compounding (the user is zero-alcohol — non-issue, but flagged generically).

Concurrent VEGF inhibitors:
Avoid

Mechanism-irrelevant; flagged for completeness.

Other research-chem compounds with unknown contamination profiles:
Avoid

Multiplies counterfeit risk.

Quality Indicators

Pharmacy-dispensed, intact packaging

No legal pharmaceutical source exists for YK-11 anywhere — this row is informational only. YK-11 is research-chem-only.

!

Third-party HPLC + MS COA on every lot

YK-11 is harder to synthesize than non-steroidal SARMs and counterfeit/substitution patterns are worse than for ostarine, LGD-4033, or RAD-140. COA verification with third-party HPLC + mass spec is necessary but not sufficient — assume product identity is unverifiable in any single lot.

Substitution and adulteration risk (worst-in-SARM-class)

Independent forum testing of 'YK-11' liquids has identified RAD-140, methylstenbolone, or no active compound at varying rates. The Cohen 2017 JAMA SARM-product label-accuracy study (52% accurate label, 39% no SARM, 9% wrong SARM, 25% banned substances) did NOT include YK-11 specifically — assume the actual mislabeling rate is at least as bad and likely worse.

Unbranded blister or counterfeit risk

Counterfeit research-chem products are a known issue across the SARM class; YK-11's structural-synthesis difficulty makes it a frequent substitution vector.

What to Expect

  • Week 1-2
    Many users report nothing perceptible early; some report mild aggression/drive increase, modest libido shift (up or down), headaches.
  • Week 3-5
    Body-comp shift becomes visible — lean mass increase + recomposition described as "stronger feel than ostarine, comparable or harsher than LGD-4033, less eu…
  • Week 5-8
    Strength and lean mass continue to compound; suppression-related symptoms (libido drop, mood lability, lethargy) more common in this window. Hepatotoxicity …

Side Effects & Safety

  • Common (>10% users at typical 10-15 mg/day):

    • HPG suppression — universally reported, severity in community bloodwork tends to exceed RAD-140 and LGD-4033 at comparable doses. T drops to single-digit-percent-of-baseline reported in a subset of users.
    • Mild-to-moderate ALT/AST elevation — reported in essentially all users with documented bloodwork by week 4-6. Magnitude variable; some users see 2-3× ULN, others stay within normal range with TUDCA/NAC support.
    • HDL crash — substantial HDL reduction reported, often more aggressive than other SARMs. LDL frequently rises in parallel.
    • Lethargy / fatigue — particularly in the back half of cycles and into PCT.
    • Libido changes — initial frontload effect (up or down) followed by suppression-related crash.
  • Less common (1-10%):

    • Cholestatic hepatotoxicity / drug-induced liver injury (DILI) — clinically apparent jaundice, dark urine, pruritus, marked LFT elevation. Published case reports exist within the broader SARM hepatotoxicity literature with YK-11 attributed; counts are low (<10 published cases identifiable as YK-11-specific) but the structural argument predicts higher true incidence. Most cases resolve on cessation with hepatology supportive care; recovery time 4-12 weeks.
    • Hypertension — mild-moderate BP elevations reported, presumed AR-mediated water/sodium retention.
    • Headaches — reported in a meaningful subset, sometimes daily.
    • Aggression / irritability — reported, less consistently than with RAD-140.
    • Sleep disruption — reported, often dose-dependent.
    • Acne / oily skin — less common than with full AAS but present in some users.
    • Visual disturbances — uncommon; cross-class SARM phenomenon.
    • Hair shedding — DHT-derivative scaffold makes scalp-AR activation plausible; community reports mixed.
  • Rare-serious (<1% but worth knowing):

    • Severe DILI requiring hospitalization or transplant evaluation — case reports exist within the SARM literature broadly; YK-11-specific attribution is muddled by polysubstance use and product-identity uncertainty, but the structural hepatotoxicity class membership predicts this outcome at non-negligible rates with extended use.
    • Persistent hypogonadism — incomplete HPG-axis recovery reported in a subset of users; predictors poorly characterized; treatment is prolonged SERM + HCG or eventually clinical TRT.
    • Hippocampal oxidative stress / mitochondrial dysfunction — extrapolated from Dahleh 2023 rat data; human translation unverified but mechanistically plausible. For a brain-priority user this risk vector matters even if the absolute incidence is low.
    • Counterfeit / contamination toxicity — products sold as "YK-11" have been identified in independent forum testing as RAD-140, methylstenbolone, or other compounds. The toxicity then reflects whatever is actually in the bottle, which may include 17α-alkylated AAS, prohormones, or unrelated chemicals.
    • WADA AAF / banned-list positive — long detection window via glucuronidated metabolites detectable >48h post-dose; longer-term metabolites identified in Piper 2018 work suggest multi-week detection windows.
  • Specific watch periods:

    • Weeks 4-8: First likely hepatotoxicity onset window; LFT panel mandatory at week 4.
    • End of cycle and into PCT (week 6-12+): HPG-axis recovery monitoring. Total T, LH, FSH, sensitive E2 at +2, +4, +6, +8 weeks post-cycle.
    • Lipid panel at week 6 on cycle and 6 weeks post-cycle: HDL trajectory.
    • Symptom diary throughout: Right-upper-quadrant discomfort, jaundice/scleral icterus, dark urine, pruritus, severe fatigue, mood crash — any of these is a stop-and-evaluate signal.

References

Kanno Y et al. 2013 — Selective androgen receptor modulator, YK11, regulates myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts by follistatin expression (Biol Pharm Bull, PMID 23995658)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · 2013

follistatin upregulation / myostatin antagonism mechanism in mouse myoblasts

View Study

Yatsu T et al. 2018 — Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator, YK11, Up-Regulates Osteoblastic Proliferation and Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells (Biol Pharm Bull, PMID 29491216)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · 2018

bone effects in osteoblast cell line

View Study

Piper T et al. 2018 — Studies on the in vivo metabolism of the SARM YK11: Identification and characterization of metabolites potentially useful for doping controls (Drug Test Anal, PMID 30379415)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · 2018

deuterium-labeled metabolism, 14 urinary metabolites, doping-control methodology

View Study

Kanno Y et al. 2022 — Differential DNA-binding and cofactor recruitment are possible determinants of the synthetic steroid YK11-dependent gene expression by androgen receptor in breast cancer MDA-MB 453 cells (Exp Cell Res, PMID 36030969)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · 2022

differential AR-coregulator recruitment

View Study

Dahleh MMM et al. 2023 — YK11 induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampus: The interplay between a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) and exercise (J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, PMID 37468001)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · 2023

rat hippocampus oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, exercise interaction

View Study
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